Vitalik Buterin shows Ethereum’s latest route, the final form after 5 major stages

After completing these five stages, Ethereum TPS can exceed 100,000.

Original article by: Sachin Tomar, Miles Deutscher

Original translation: 0×711, BlockBeats

On July 21, Vitalik attended the Ethereum Community Conference (ETHCC) in Paris and gave a speech on the progress of Ethereum mergers and Ethereum's future roadmap. Sachin Tomar, CTO of blockchain development tool provider Biconomy, and crypto researcher Miles Deutscher summarized the speech on social networking sites. BlockBeats compiled and translated it as follows.

Vitalik Buterin said that Ethereum can achieve 100,000 TPS after completing 5 key stages. These 5 stages are:

The Merge;

The Surge;

The Verge;

The Purge;

The Splurge.

The Merge

The merger refers to the merging of the Ethereum execution layer (current mainnet) and the beacon chain (new POS layer).

For Ethereum, this means:

1. Become a deflationary asset (reduced issuance);

2. Reduced energy consumption by 99%.

This upgrade is currently scheduled for September 19, 2022.

THE SURGE (2023)

Refers to the introduction of sharding on Ethereum.

Sharding is the process of dividing the entire blockchain network into smaller partitions. This will significantly improve the scalability of the network.

THE VERGE

Introducing Verkle trees, which are "a powerful upgrade to Merkle proofs that require less space for proof files."

This will optimize storage on Ethereum and help reduce node size. Ultimately, this will help ETH improve scalability.

THE PURGE

Reduce the hard drive space required by validators. This eliminates historical data and bad debts.

This means simplified storage, which reduces network congestion.

THE SPLURGE

A series of miscellaneous, “smaller” upgrades to ensure the network runs smoothly after the first 4 phases.

In addition to the five phases of the new roadmap, V God also looked forward to Ethereum's current problems and future development. Sachin Tomar summarized as follows:

Demonstrate the relationship between L1 and L2

We are in a phase where we are increasing the capabilities of Ethereum through rapid protocol changes. But eventually we will stop making rapid protocol changes and leverage systems like L2 to add more functionality to the Ethereum ecosystem.

L1 is used for security and reliability, and L2 is used for fast iterative operations.

"Functionality escape velocity" theory: Once L1 is strong enough, the rest can be left to L2.
Developers need breaks, and new features need time to de-risk.

V God's Concerns

Adding support for multiple virtual machines will increase consensus complexity;

Solve base layer SNARKS instead of waiting for a better path design.

Make Ethereum so complex that only developers can understand its design.

other

Long-term rewards require short-term pain.

For EIP-4444: Clients must stop providing historical headers, bodies, and receipts older than one year on the p2p layer.

Switching to Verkle trees. Probably means no backward compatibility for Ethereum.

Current development focus should be on making light clients easy to use so that anyone can run them.

Through smaller decentralized staking pools, everyone can easily stake in Ethereum.

Run a full node on lighter hardware.

Long-term goals

Making Ethereum quantum-resistant.

If zkEVM works well, then txn space can be created in the base layer to make Rollup costs lower.

Searching for better cryptography.

Finally keep an open mind!