The influence of the Ma Yi Shen Xiang on physiognomy in later generations

According to the classification of schools and sects, physiognomy can be divided into many types such as Ma Yi physiognomy, Liuzhuang physiognomy, and Shuijing physiognomy. Among them, the Ma Yi physiognomy is the most widely spread. There is a book called "Ma Yi Shen Xiang" handed down from generation to generation. Most of the physiognomy works of later generations and current folk sorcerers are based on this book.

The Historical Status of "Ma Yi Shen Xiang"

"Ma Yi Shen Xiang" had a huge influence on physiognomy in later generations. This book was already a widely circulated work on physiognomy during the Ming and Qing dynasties. There is a record in the Ming Dynasty that "with a square scarf on his head and a strip around his waist, he is arrogant; his sackcloth-cloth physiognomy is unique and mysterious." This is a portrayal of a scholar who looks down on everything because of his proficiency in sackcloth-cloth physiognomy. In later physiognomy, there are countless examples of people citing "Ma Yi Shen Xiang" as the standard.

We should not limit our view of "Ma Yi Shen Xiang" to a single book. It should be the embodiment of physiognomy, the continuation of physiognomy, and the result of gathering everyone's wisdom. It not only brings together the essence of physiognomy before the Song Dynasty, but also integrates the research results after the Song Dynasty. It abandons the mysterious color of physiognomy and establishes a relatively complete and reasonable theoretical color. Because of this, after the theoretical system matured and was complete, it immediately became popular. Almost every family had this book at that time, which made the theory of physiognomy reach a peak that was difficult for predecessors and successors to reach.

"Ma Yi Shen Xiang" is a model of physiognomy books in all dynasties

Among the numerous works on physiognomy, each book has played a positive role in the construction of physiognomy theory and the dissemination of physiognomy. Then, in the thousands of years of physiognomy research, people gradually discovered that in the history of physiognomy works, some books played a vital role in the establishment of physiognomy theory and the dissemination of physiognomy. They have a special status in the history of physiognomy and are regarded as classics by the physiognomy community. "Ma Yi Shen Xiang" is such a book. It initially completed the construction of the theoretical system of physiognomy and played a bridging role between the past and the future.

The rich and complex content of "Ma Yi Shen Xiang", especially the large number of attached illustrations, are vivid, detailed, specific, popular and intuitive, making it the most influential physiognomy book to date. Even after the Song Dynasty, various established physiognomy books were more or less influenced by "Ma Yi Shen Xiang". Especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The physiognomy theory in the Ming and Qing dynasties was still based on the physiognomy of the Song and Yuan dynasties. There are many versions of physiognomy, the most important of which is Yuan Liuzhuang's "Liuzhuang Divine Physiognomy", which has many similarities with "Ma Yi Divine Physiognomy". The close master-disciple relationship between them can be seen from the theory of the Five Elements, the Twelve Zodiac Signs, and the Bagua Palm diagram.

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